#IReadsYou Review: Marvel Comics' ALIEN #1

ALIEN #1
MARVEL

STORY: Phillip Kennedy Johnson
ART: Salvador Larroca
COLORS: Guru-eFX
LETTERS: VC's Clayton Cowles
EDITOR: Jake Thomas
EiC: Akira Yoshida a.k.a. C.B. Cebulski
COVER: InHyuk Lee
VARIANT COVER ARTISTS: Steve McNiven with Laura Martin; Peach Momoko; Ron Lim with Israel Silva; Todd Nauck with Rachelle Rosenberg; Patrick Gleason; Skottie Young; David Finch with Frank D'Armata; Salvador Larroca with Guru-eFX
40pp, Color, $4.99 U.S. (May 2021)

Parental Advisory

Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Dan O'Bannon, based on a story that O'Bannon wrote with Ronald Shusett.  The film depicts a battle for survival between the crew of the commercial towing vehicle,  the space ship named “the Nostromo” and an aggressive deadline extraterrestrial creature, the “Alien” of the title, that is now known as a “Xenomorph.”

Alien, which went on to win an Academy Award, spawned a film franchise, beginning with writer-director James Cameron's 1986 science fiction action film, Aliens.  Alien also begat a media franchise, which included a comic book adaptation and also a novelization of the original film.  In 1988, Dark Horse Comics launched its first Alien comic book series, a 1988-89, six-issue comic book miniseries, entitled Aliens.  Dark Horse had the license to produce comic books based on the Alien franchise from 1988 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2020.

Marvel Comics announced in 2020 that it had obtained the license to produce comic books based on the Alien film franchise.  Marvel Comics recently launched the first comic book series, Alien.  It is written by Phillip Kennedy Johnson; drawn by Salvador Larroca; colored by Guru-eFX, and lettered by Clayton Cowles.  This new Alien comic book focuses on a recently retired security agent who once faced the Xenomorphs and may have to again.

Alien #1 opens in January of the year 2200 on the Epsilon Orbital Research and Development Station.  It introduces Gabriel Cruz, a man who has given his life to Weyland-Yutani as a defense agent.  He is retiring as the security agent for Weyland-Yutani's Epsilon Station.  With the help of his friend, a Bishop-model android, Cruz hopes to reconnect and patch things up with Danny, his estranged son.  However, Danny has dangerous and ulterior motives for reuniting with his father.

Once upon a time, Gabriel barely survived an alien attack.  And now, it seems that his encounters are far from over.

THE LOWDOWN:  I am a big fan of the Alien film franchise, and I have lost count of how many times I have watched James Cameron's Aliens, including a few times just recently.  I have seen both Alien vs. Predator films numerous times and will watch them many times more.

Early in Dark Horse Comics' run of Alien comic books, I was devoted to the company's output, but lost interest after several years.  I thought the new Marvel Comics' title would be a good time to start reading Alien comic book again, and I was right.

Writer Phillip Kennedy Johnson whets the appetite with the promise of thrills to come while offering tasty teases of back story involving Gabriel Cruz.  Books about writing will always say that the writer should create strong characters and that the plot will develop from the characters.  Basically, the characters should act as the spine of the story.  I find the spine of this story, Gabriel and Danny, to be dull, and I have no interest in their crappy relationship.  On the other hand, the plot is quite strong.  Johnson makes Alien #1 a fun read when he focuses on the threat of the “Aliens” and on the looming disaster that will fully bring them into the story.

I would not call the art and graphical storytelling in Alien #1 peak Salvador Larroca.  For one thing, all the characters have faces that look like they underwent bad plastic surgery.  The compositions have a generic, Larroca clip art quality, but Guru-eFX's power-coloring and super-hues cover up the blemishes as well as any coloring can.

Still, Marvel's Alien #1 intrigues, especially if you, dear readers, are fans of the Xenomorphs.  I think I should keep reading … at least for the first story arc.

I READS YOU RECOMMENDS:  Fans of the Alien/Aliens film and comic book franchises will certainly want to try Marvel's Alien.

A-
7.5 out of 10

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux a.k.a. "I Reads You"


https://twitter.com/Marvel
https://www.marvel.com/
https://www.marvel.com/comics
https://www.comixology.com/Marvel_Comics


The text is copyright © 2021 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog or site for reprint and syndication rights and fees.

-------------

Amazon wants me to inform you that the link below is a PAID AD, but I technically only get paid (eventually) if you click on the ad below AND buy something(s).

Review: ACTION COMICS #1001

ACTION COMICS No. 1001
DC COMICS – @DCComics

[This review was originally posted on Patreon.]

STORY: Brian Michael Bendis
ART: Patrick Gleason
COLORS: Alejandro Sanchez
LETTERS: Josh Reed
COVER: Patrick Gleason with Brad Anderson
VARIANT COVER: Francis Manapul
32pp, Color, $3.99 U.S. (September 2018)

Rated “T” for “Teen”

Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster

“Invisible Mafia”

DC Comics' Superman comic books enter a new era with a new head writer and a new Superman #1 issue (the third in seven years).  Superman is the most famous DC Comics superhero character.  Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1 (cover dated: June 1938).  And now a thousand issues later, Brian Michael Bendis is the writer of Action Comics.  His creative cohorts on Action Comics include artist Patrick Gleason, colorist Alejandro Sanchez, and letterer Josh Reed.

Action Comics #1001 (“Invisible Mafia”) finds Superman stopping a armed burglary.  Then, Superman is back to being Clark Kent, and returns to his job at the venerable newspaper, The Daily Planet.  That is where Clark Kent learns that someone has accused Superman of being the arsonist responsible for a rash of horrible apartment fires that have spread across the city of Metropolis.  The truth may be connected to a shadowy cabal, but can Superman convince people that he is not an arsonist when some of them are starting to be suspicious of the Man of Steel?

As I have already written a few times, I really want to like Brian Michael Bendis' Superman comic books.  For the most part, I enjoyed his debut series, The Man of Steel, a six-issue miniseries, and his recent Superman #1.

I think that I like Action Comics #1001 the most, at least by a little.  Patrick Gleason's illustrations bring out the best of Bendis' script for this issue.  His story is a mix of workplace intrigue and comedy; a little detective story, and super-powered conspiracy.  Gleason works the drama and humor in such a subtle way that I found myself surprised that some moment of the story really hit me.  Bendis spends so much of the story working and playing with a large cast of characters, a variety of genders, ages, and ethnicity, and Gleason captures the breath of Bendis' character drama.

Alejandro Sanchez's colors are lush, but are also evocative in the way they reveal the personality of both the characters and the stories.  Letterer Josh Reed deftly spreads out all those balloons it takes to turn Bendis' dialogue into comic book graphics.

I like Action Comics #1001, and I give it a high recommendation without reservation.

8 out of 10

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux a.k.a. "I Reads You"


The text is copyright © 2018 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog or site for reprint and syndication rights and fees.


----------------------------

Review: YOUNG JUSTICE #1

YOUNG JUSTICE No. 1 (2019)
DC COMICS/Wonder Comics – @DCComics

[This review was originally posted on Patreon.]

STORY: Brian Michael Bendis
ART: Patrick Gleason
COLORS: Alejandro Sanchez
LETTERS: DC Lettering
EDITORS: Mike Cotton and Andy Khouri
COVER: Patrick Gleason and Alejandro Sanchez
VARIANT COVER ARTISTS: Amy Reeder; Derrick Chew; Yasmine Putri; Jorge Jimenez; Evan “Doc” Shaner; Patrick Gleason
40pp, Color, $4.99 U.S. (March 2019)

Rated “T+” for “Teen Plus”

“Seven Crises”

Young Justice is a DC Comics superhero team that consists of teenage heroes.  The first iteration of Young Justice appeared in the one-shot comic book, Young Justice: The Secret #1 (cover dated: June 1998), which lead to the first issue of an ongoing series (cover dated: September 1998).  The new year 2019 sees a new Young Justice ongoing series.

DC Comics and superstar writer Brian Michael Bendis have launched a young readers imprint, “Wonder Comics,” which will feature in-continuity stories.  The first Wonder Comics series is Young Justice.  It is written by Bendis; drawn by Patrick Gleason; colored by Alejandro Sanchez; and lettered by DC Lettering.

Young Justice #1 (“Seven Crises”) opens in Gemworld.  [You remember that place, right?  Amethyst: Princess of Gemworld?]  Gemworld apparently has suffered through seven “Crisis” events, and Earth is always the focal point.  So invade Earth, specifically Metropolis, and demand that Superman appear.

Jinny Hex, Robin/Tim Drake, (fake) Wonder Girl/Cassie Sandsmark, Impulse, and Teen Lantern fight an invasion that they don't understand.  Young Justice is back!

Young Justice #1 is not nearly as good as classic Brian Michael Bendis-written first issues he did for Marvel Comics (New Avengers, Ultimate Spider-Man, various Iron Man and Miles Morales comic books series).  No, make that Young Justice #1 is not anywhere in the same league as classic Bendis Marvel #1 issues.

Young Justice #1 is a fight comic featuring wall-to-wall action.  Patrick Gleason's art here is not his best, and his storytelling is similar to what readers will find in event comics – big action not big drama.  Colorist Alejandro Sanchez turns in professional work... that is not his best.  DC Lettering, whatever or whoever that is, at least hits high notes on the character logos.

I expect a lot of Bendis comic books, and I might read future issues of Young Justice.  Young Justice #1 is good, but not good enough to make me anxious for a second issue, the way I hankered for the second issues of classic Bendis Marvel titles.

6 out of 10

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux a.k.a. "I Reads You"


The text is copyright © 2019 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog or site for reprint and syndication rights and fees.

-------------------

Review: SUPERMAN #1

SUPERMAN No. 1 (2016)
DC COMICS – @DCComics

[This review was originally posted on Patreon.]

STORY: Peter J. Tomasi
PENCILS: Patrick Gleason
INKS: Mick Gray
COLORS: John Kalisz
LETTERS: Rob Leigh
COVER: Patrick Gleason and Mick Gray with John Kalisz
VARIANT COVER: Kenneth Rocafort
32pp, Color, $2.99 U.S. (August 2016)

Rated “T” for “Teen”

Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster

“Son of Superman” Part One

The last time I reviewed an issue of Superman it was to express my opinion on Superman: Rebirth, of which I had mixed feelings.  Because of DC Comics' current publishing event-slash-initiative, Rebirth, there is a new first issue of Superman, and while I planned on reading this relaunch, I had no plans on reviewing it.  I finally stop putting off reading...

Superman #1 (“Son of Superman” Part One) is written by Peter J. Tomasi; drawn by Patrick Gleason (pencils) and Mick Gray (inks); colored by John Kalisz; and lettered by Rob Leigh.  It focuses on the GenX, post-Crisis/pre-New 52 Superman/Clark Kent.  Clark lives with his wife Lois Lane and their son, Jonathan, on “The Smith Farm” in Hamilton County, which is 300 miles north of Metropolis.

Yes, the Kents go by the name Smith, as they try to have a normal life, although Kent has taken on the mantle of this world's Superman (a long story).  Meanwhile, Jonathan is starting to chafe at all the secrecy, and young Kent's anxiety gets worse when surprising guests visit the Smiths, including Kathy Branden, the daughter of their new neighbors.

I was surprised by how much I liked Superman #1 (2016).  Since Clark Kent is a bit reticent or perhaps introspective about being Superman again, the Man of Steel has an air of foreboding and mystery about him.  When he does let his hero flag or, in this case, cape fly, there is a sense of majesty about him.  For the time being, writer Peter J. Tomasi is bringing a sense of wonder to Superman – something the title has lacked in recent years, but should always have.

Artists Patrick Gleason and Mick Gray are delivering quality work that reminds me of Steve Rude's work on Superman (and Batman) in the 1990 World Finest miniseries (written by Dave Gibbons).  I think Gleason and Gray's work on the recent Robin: Son of Batman was sharper, but I like what they are doing here.  I think this new Superman series has great potential.

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux a.k.a. "I Reads You"


The text is copyright © 2016 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog for reprint and syndication rights and fees.

--------------------------------

Review: SUPERMAN: Rebirth #1

SUPERMAN: REBIRTH No. 1
DC COMICS – @DCComics

[This review was originally posted on Patreon.]

WRITERS: Peter J. Tomasi and Patrick Gleason
PENCILS: Doug Mahnke
INKS: Jaime Mendoza
COLORS: Wil Quintana
LETTERS: Rob Leigh
COVER: Doug Mahnke and Jaime Mendoza with Wil Quintana
VARIANT COVER: Andy Park
44pp, Color, $2.99 U.S. (August 2016)

Rated “T” for “Teen”

Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster

The last time I reviewed an issue of Superman it was to express my opinion on Superman #41.  Entitled “Before Truth” (Part 1), this was the first issue of the new-look slash new-direction, “DCYou” Superman comic book, written by the acclaimed graphic novelist, Gene Luen Yang, his DC Comics debut and his first issue as series writer of Superman.  The art team on Superman remained the same as it has been for the year prior:  John Romita, Jr. (pencils) and Klaus Janson (inks), with colorist Dean White and letterer Rob Leigh.

However, Romita soon moved on to work on a project related the Batman prestige project, DK III: The Master Race.  While Yang's run started with such promise, it pretty much petered out after about have a year, probably worn down by the inevitable changes to come.  Those changes turned out to be another “all-new direction” for DC Comics, something called Rebirth.

If I understand correctly, Rebirth marks the end of The New 52, DC Comics' reboot of its universe-mythology-continuity-superhero publishing line that began with such fanfare in 2011.  Y'all, it didn't even last 5 years.  Rebirth is all about returning some old continuity, especially the continuity established back in 1986, coming out of the universe-destroying, Earth-shattering comic book “maxi-series,” Crisis on Infinite Earths.  Some call this “GenX” DC Comics.

So before DC's regular series go into Rebirth and some new series debut, some of DC's flagship titles have Rebirth one-shots.  Thus, Superman: Rebirth #1.  It is written by Peter J. Tomasi and Patrick Gleason, the creative team behind the new Superman series.  The artists for this one-shot are Doug Mahnke on pencils; Jamie Mendoza on inks; Wil Quintana on colors; and Rob Leigh on letters.

So, if I followed this correctly:  New 52 Clark Kent/Superman is dead and buried.  Lana Lang is trying to retrieve his body from his memorial/monument/crypt.  She is interrupted by post-Crisis slash GenX Superman – the one married to Lois Lane.  He wears a black body suit with a silver Superman emblem “S” on a gray background on his chest.  This Superman and Lang travel to dead Superman's Fortress of Solitude in hopes that the “Regeneration Matrix” will revive him.

I have to admit that I was kinda exited about Rebirth, especially after reading the DC Universe Rebirth one-shot.  But now, that excitement is gone.  Superman: Rebirth #1 isn't bad.  I'm simply not interested in modern Superman comic books, for the most part, and this one-shot reminded me of my disinterest.  When I really want to read a Superman comic book, I buy some back issues from the 1970s or 1980s or read one of those expensive hardcover collections that DC Comics publishes which reprint Superman comic books from those decades and earlier.

Yeah, I'm going to read some more Rebirth one-shots, but I will only review the ones that I really enjoy or that really move me to care about Rebirth.

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux a.k.a. "I Reads You"


The text is copyright © 2016 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog for reprint and syndication rights and fees.

---------------------

DC Comics from Diamond Distributors for March 23, 2016

DC COMICS

JAN160349     ART OPS #6 (MR)     $3.99
JAN160227     BATMAN #50 (NOTE PRICE)     $5.99
JAN160286     BATMAN AND ROBIN ETERNAL #25     $2.99
NOV150269     BATMAN ARKHAM KNIGHT GENESIS HC     $19.99
JUN150278     BATMAN BLACK & WHITE HC VOL 1 BOOK & DVD BLU RAY SET     PI
JUN150280     BATMAN YEAR ONE HC BOOK & DVD BLU RAY SET     PI
JAN160255     CYBORG #9     $2.99
DEC150318     CYBORG TP VOL 01 UNPLUGGED     $14.99
JUN150279     DEATH OF SUPERMAN HC DVD & BLU RAY SET     PI
JAN160256     DEATHSTROKE #16     $2.99
DEC150320     DOCTOR FATE TP VOL 01 THE BLOOD PRICE     $14.99
JAN160288     GRAYSON #18     $3.99
JAN160293     HARLEY QUINN #26     $3.99
JAN160355     JACKED #5 (MR)     $3.99
JUN150282     JLA EARTH 2 HC BOOK & DVD BLU RAY SET     PI
JAN160259     JUSTICE LEAGUE 3001 #10     $2.99
JUN150281     JUSTICE LEAGUE VOL 1 HC ORIGIN BOOK & DVD BLU RAY SET     PI
JAN160356     LAST GANG IN TOWN #4 (MR)     $3.99
NOV150267     ROBIN SON OF BATMAN HC VOL 01 YEAR OF BLOOD     $22.99
JAN160267     SECRET SIX #12     $2.99
DEC150325     STARFIRE TP VOL 01 WELCOME HOME     $14.99
JAN160262     SUICIDE SQUAD MOST WANTED DEADSHOT KATANA #3     $4.99
DEC150344     SUPERMAN & THE JUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA TP VOL 01     $17.99
JAN160282     SUPERMAN LOIS AND CLARK #6     $3.99
JAN160271     TEEN TITANS #18     $2.99
JAN160299     WE ARE ROBIN #10     $3.99
JAN160246     WONDER WOMAN #50 (NOTE PRICE)     $4.99
JUN150283     WONDER WOMAN GODS & MORTAL HC BOOK & DVD BLU RAY SET     PI
DEC150347     WONDER WOMAN WAR OF THE GODS TP     $24.99

DC COMICS/DC COLLECTIBLES

DEC150378     BATMAN THE DARK KNIGHT RETURNS 30TH ANNIV BUST     $50.00

Review: ROBIN: Son of Batman #1

ROBIN: SON OF BATMAN #1
DC COMICS – @DCComics

[This review was originally posted on Patreon.]

STORY/PENCILS: Patrick Gleason
INKS: Mick Gray
COLORS: John Kalisz
LETTERS: Tom Napolitano
COVER: Patrick Gleason with John Kalisz
VARIANT COVER: Robbi Rodriguez
32pp, Color, $3.99 U.S. (August 2015)

Rated “T” for Teen

Batman created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger

“Year of Blood” Part One

Damian Wayne is the (illegitimate) son of Batman/Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, and thus, the grandson of Batman villain, Ra's al Ghul, Talia's father.  An unnamed male infant credited as Batman and Talia's child first appeared in the original graphic novel, Batman: Son of the Demon.  Other writers would later compose speculative stories about the child's life.  In Batman #655, writer Grant Morrison reinterpreted that child as Damian Wayne, the centerpiece of the story arc, “Batman and Son.”

Damian Wayne was eventually killed off and then resurrected.  He is now the star of a new comic book, Robin: Son of Batman, which is part of the “DCYou” publishing initiative.  It is written and penciled by Patrick Gleason, inked by Mick Gray, colored by John Kalisz, and lettered by Tom Napolitano.

Robin: Son of Batman #1 (“Year of Blood” Part One) opens in Bialya, where Damian/Robin is confronting Abush.  The self-proclaimed king is holding Goliath (“Don't call him a man-bat”) prisoner.  There will be bigger threats for Damian to face.  The first is the revenge seeking daughter of Morgan Ducard a.k.a. “Nobody,” whom Damian apparently killed.  Secondly, Damian will have to face his legacy as an al Ghul in the “Year of Blood.”

I am definitely adding Robin: Son of Batman to my reading list.  Next to the Bat-Mite miniseries, Robin is, thus far, one of the “DCYou” titles that I have enjoyed reading the most.  Writer-artist Patrick Gleason has created a story that reminds me of the international adventure that was a big part of Robin, the 1991 five-issue miniseries.  I am intrigued and pleased that Gleason seems willing to dig into the darkness that is part of Damian Wayne the way Batman writers have obsessed over depicting the darkness within Bruce Wayne, especially over the last four decades

Even as a longtime comic book reviewer I have been reluctant to heartily recommend a superhero comic book title to all of my readers, even the ones who do not read superhero comics.  Well, I heartily recommend Robin: Son of Batman to all of you – superhero, alt-comix, indie, and manga readers alike.

A

Reviewed by Leroy Douresseaux


The text is copyright © 2015 Leroy Douresseaux. All Rights Reserved. Contact this blog for reprint and syndication rights and fees.

Albert Avilla Reviews: Batman and Robin #0

Batman and Robin #0
Marvel Comics

Reviewed by Albert Avilla

Script: Peter J. Tomasi
Pencils: Patrick Gleason
Inks: Mick Gray
Colors: John Kalisz
Letters: Carlos M. Mangual

I like my origin stories to give me insight into a character. The insight that I got from this story is that Damian is a bad little mother-shut-my-mouth. His being scientifically engineered explains why a toddler can kill tigers and great white sharks and why Batman takes him on missions to subdue lunatic villains. Most kids his age can't wipe their butts effectively. What a nurturing mother… Happy birthday, Damian… let’s have a battle to the death. I can understand why the kid is rebellious.

The story takes place during the birthday battle in which Damian earns the right to know who his father is, with flashbacks to other moments that impacted Damian's character. The action is fast moving with gratuitous violence to keep any fanboy satisfied. That little mother-shut-my-mouth is taking out ninjas and Man-Bats from beginning to end. Mama al Ghul even gets to feel the bottom of Damian's size – I don't know 3 or 2? What size does a little bastard wear?

This Robin shatters the mold of what past Robins were. Years from now, when other creators are trying their hand at the Damian character and changing certain aspects of Damian, we'll think back to what Tomasi (@PeterJTomasi) has done and say "they are f’ing up a good character." Tomasi has left his imprint on this character for ages to come. Thank you, Mr. Tomasi, for giving us this little hyperactive, death-dealing monster of a Robin. I'm looking forward to what a Junior Justice League led by this Robin is going to be like. In this age of the multi-issue story arc, it's good to read a good one issue story.

The art helps tell the story. A good comic book story doesn't just come from what text there is. The action scenes are impressive. The art team does a good job of making the little tike look murderous without making it comedic. Talia has just enough of that psychotic gleam in her eyes to make you cover up the old family jewels.

I rate Batman and Robin #0 Recommend It to a Friend.

The New 52 Review: BATMAN AND ROBIN #1

BATMAN AND ROBIN #1
DC COMICS

WRITER: Peter J. Tomasi
PENCILS: Patrick Gleason
INKS: Mick Gray
COLORS: John Kalisz
LETTERS: Patrick Brosseau
32pp, Color, $2.99

Rated “T” for “Teen”

Remember that Batman and Robin comic book that had the original Robin, Dick (Richard) Grayson, as Batman and Bruce Wayne’s son, Damian Wayne, as the latest Robin? Of course, you do; it was only launched two years ago to great fanfare – as the Batman comic book line was then being revamped… again.

With DC Comics’ re-launch of its superhero comic book line, “The New 52,” Batman and Robin is also re-launched, with Bruce Wayne back as Batman and Damian back as Robin. The team that produced the “Tree of Blood” storyline in the 2009 Batman and Robin, writer Peter J. Tomasi and artist Patrick Gleason, is the creative team of The New 52 Batman and Robin.

Batman and Robin #1 (“Born to Kill”) opens in Moscow where one of the Batmen of Batman Incorporated gets Bat-manhandled. Meanwhile, Batman/Bruce Wayne is ready to reconcile and to put a defining moment in his life behind him, so he takes his bratty son to Crime Alley. But the irascible new Boy Wonder is more interested in stomping some bad guy ass than being kind of sentimental.

After reading the first issue of 2009 Batman and Robin by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely, I was very impressed. It was a start reminiscent of their opening storyline for New X-Men (“E is for Extinction”). Peter J. Tomasi and Patrick Gleason’s own first Batman and Robin issue is close to being as good as Morrison/Quitely, and I’m equally impressed. I so want to share with you the fun I had reading it, but I’d unleash too many spoilers. What I’ll say is that this is one of “The New 52” you should keep reading past the first issue.

A